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            <gco:CharacterString>Benthic fauna data has been collected from 1881 to the present by the National Marine Fisheries Service Laboratories at Woods Hole, MA (early years Bureau of Fisheries) and Sandy Hook, NJ (formerly with the Bureau of Sport Fisheries). Little data exists from 1881 to around 1955. After intensive sampling, data became sparse again after 1986. The data includes the work by Wigley and Theroux on the macrofauna of the Northeastern United States. Other major studies include Ocean Pulse, the Northeast Monitoring Program, New York Bight, 12 Mile Dumpsite, Long Island Sound and Raritan Bay surveys. Parameters included in these surveys include depth, sediment type, gear type, number, weight, family, class, genus, species name, and abundance. A total of 21,000 sample sites are included in this data set with 4,000 meters being the maximum depth sampled. Bottom temperature from MBTs and XBTs were measured from the 1960's to the present. These data are recorded on the Oracle database server of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center at Woods Hole. Hydrographic and chemical ancillary data, as well as some biological data can be found at the U.S. Geological Survey at Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Note: Some records in the Northeast Fisheries Science Center Benthic Database may also occur in the Northeast Fisheries Science Center Bottom Trawl Survey dataset. OBIS-USA did not eliminate this possible duplication because each dataset is a published unit, and OBIS-USA chose to maintain each as a complete representation of the original data. This possible overlap is a consequence of decisions made by the developers of the datasets. If you encounter identical records when working with these datasets, note that they in fact refer to the same observation event.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global
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                        Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global
                        Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global
                        Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0</gco:CharacterString>
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                        Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0</gco:CharacterString>
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            OBIS-USA renders information prepared by contributors accessible through dynamic on-line publication. It does not peer-review the quality of the data provided. However, it is confident that the data are the best available in electronic form. OBIS-USA does not own or try to control or limit the use of any data or products accessible through its website. Accordingly, it does not take responsibility for the quality of such data or products, or the use that people may make of them. 
            
            Users must recognize that the analysis and interpretation of data requires background knowledge and expertise about marine biodiversity (including ecosystems and taxonomy). Users should be aware of possible errors in the use of species names, geo-referencing, data handing and mapping. They should crosscheck their results for possible errors, and qualify their interpretation of any results accordingly. Appropriate caution is thus necessary in the interpretation of results derived from OBIS-USA.
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      REID, R.N., J.B. Pearce and M.C. Ingham (eds.) 1987. NOAA's Northeast Monitoring Program (NEMP). A report on progress of the first five years (1979-1984) and a plan for the future. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-44.    
      PEARCE, J., THOMAS, J., CARACCIOLO, J., HALSEY, M., and L. ROGERS. 1975. Distribution and abundance of benthic organisms in the New York Bight apex, 2-6 August 1973. MESA Report No. 8. 9 p.    
      REID, R.N., S.A. FROMM, A.B. FRAME, D. JEFFRESS, J.J. VITALIANO, D.J. Radosh, and J.R. FINN. 1995. Limited responses of benthic macrofauna and selected sewage sludge components to phaseout of sludge disposal in the inner New York Bight. p. 213-225 IN: A.L. Studholme et al. (eds.) Effects of the cessation of sewage sludge dumping at the 12-mile site. NOAA Tech. Rept. NMFS 124.    
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      Wigley, Roland L., and Roger B. Thoreux, Atlantic Continental Slope and Shelf of the U.S.--Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna of the Mid Atlantic Bight Region -- Faunal composition and quantitative distribution, USGS Professional Paper 529-N, 1981.   </gco:CharacterString>
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